We are interested in combining extractions, separations, and ionization on simple, self-contained devices. For example, one of our previous work on “all-in-one” cartridges enabled rapid top-down protein analysis by combining immunoaffinity purification with substrated-supported electrospray ionization. We are also borrowing methods from micro/nanofluidic systems as well as capillary electrophoresis to incorporate active manipulation of analytes prior to and during ionization. This is accomplished by creating 3D printed polypropylene cartridges that are placed in front of the MS inlet and serve as both paper analytical devices and ionization platforms.